Calm. Methodical. Evidence-Based.

Spain refused U.S. use of shared bases as Washington threatened an embargo, testing whether allied security cooperation can be coerced through economic punishment.

Iran War

Mar 4, 2026

Spain’s refusal to authorize US strike operations from shared bases underscores how contested legality can fracture alliance basing norms and constrain war-making by access.

Iran War

Mar 2, 2026