A person familiar with the matter said Israel’s decision to target Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, along with Iran-backed leaders of Hamas and Hezbollah, was made after the Oct. 7, 2023 attacks, as part of an order by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to eliminate those Israel concluded were behind the assault and to prevent future attacks.
More specific planning for what Israel called Operation Roaring Lion and the United States called Epic Fury began after Israel’s 12-day war with Iran in June 2025. The source said Netanyahu gave the order for the operation in November 2025.
The operation began around 6 a.m. in Israel on Feb. 28, with missiles striking Khamenei’s compound in central Tehran around 9:40 a.m. U.S. and Israeli officials said the mission aimed at killing key members of Iran’s leadership, destroying ballistic missile capabilities, and severely hampering Iran’s nuclear program progress. The strike also killed senior officials including Mohammad Pakpour, Aziz Nasirzadeh, and Mohammad Shirazi, following close U.S.-Israeli intelligence-sharing that pinpointed leaders’ location.