Desalination infrastructure across the Gulf is a central dependency for drinking water, with GCC countries producing about 40% of the world’s desalinated water and operating more than 400 plants. The conflict described is shifting from conventional targets toward critical civilian infrastructure as a strategic pressure point, where threats to water systems become instruments of regional coercion. A strike, sabotage, cyberattack, or contamination event affecting desalination facilities could rapidly cascade into loss of potable water, electricity, sanitation, and public order.